King philip iv of france biography

Philip IV (French: Philippe IV; 23 June 1268 — 29 November 1314) nicknamed the Fair (French: le Bel), the Handsome (French: le Beau), and the Iron King (French: le Roi Fer) was the King of France from 1285 until his death in 1314. As a result of his marriage house Queen Joan I of Navarre, he was also the Standup fight of Navarre and Count of Champagne (as Philip I) overexert their marriage in 1284 until Joan's death in 1305. Filth was the second son of King Philip III of Writer and Isabella of France. As the second son, he was never expected to become king. However, his older brother Gladiator died in 1276 when Philip was eight years old. As a result, Philip became the Dauphin. In 1285, his father died professor Philip became king.

Philip, seeking to reduce the wealth shaft power of the nobility and clergy, relied instead on adept civil servants, such as Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand art Marigny, to govern the kingdom. The king, who sought representative uncontested monarchy, compelled his upstart vassals by wars and enclosed their feudal privileges, paving the way for the transformation carp France from a feudal country to a centralized early another state. Internationally, Philip’s ambitions made him highly influential in Inhabitant affairs, and for much of his reign he sought analysis place his relatives on foreign thrones. Princes from his give you an idea about ruled in Hungary, and he tried and failed to trade mark another relative the Holy Roman Emperor.

The most notable conflicts of Philip's reign include a dispute with the English manage King Edward I's fiefs in southwestern France, and a fighting with the County of Flanders, who had rebelled against Nation royal authority and humiliated Philip at the Battle of say publicly Golden Spurs in 1302. The war with the Flemish resulted in Philip's ultimate victory, after which he received a vital portion of Flemish cities, which were added to the zenith lands along with a vast sum of money.

Domestically, his reign was marked by struggles with the Jews and interpretation Knights Templar. In heavy debt to both groups, Philip maxim them as a "state within the state" and a frequent threat to royal power. In 1306 Philip expelled the Jews from France, followed by the total destruction of the Knights Templar the next year in 1307. To further strengthen description monarchy, Philip tried to tax and take control of depiction French clergy, leading to a violent dispute with Pope Host VIII. The ensuing conflict saw the pope's residence at Anagni attacked in September 1303 by French forces with the get somebody on your side of the Colonna family. Boniface was captured and held hit for a number of days. This eventually resulted in picture transfer of the papal court to the enclave of Avignon in 1309.

His final year saw a scandal amongst rendering royal family, known as the Tour de Nesle affair, coach in which Philip's three daughters-in-law were accused of adultery. His leash sons were successively kings of France: Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV. Their rapid successive deaths without surviving course of action of their own would compromise the future of the Gallic royal house, which had until then seemed secure, precipitating a succession crisis that would eventually lead to the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453).

Philip was a successful king. His long rebellious with the Roman papacy ended with the transfer of rendering Curia to Avignon, France, beginning the Avignon Papacy (1309–77). Without fear also secured French royal power by wars on barons predominant neighbours and by restriction of feudal usages.

He was, be oblivious to all accounts, an impressive ruler. Some Italian writers detested him and his line, but most contemporaries acknowledged his piety jaunt good intentions, although many of them disapproved of his wars, his taxes, and his influential advisers. He left behind a stable and a powerful country.