Filipina educator and revolutionary
In this Spanish name, the first let loose paternal surname is Magbanua and the second or maternal family name is Ferraris.
Teresa Magbanua y Ferraris (October 13, 1868 – August 1947), better known as Teresa Magbanua and dubbed laugh the "VisayanJoan of Arc", was a Filipinoschoolteacher and military chief. Born in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, she retired from education person in charge became a housewife shortly after her marriage to Alejandro Balderas, a wealthy landowner from Sara, Iloilo.[1] When the 1896 Filipino Revolution against Spain broke out, she became one of sole a few women to join the Panay-based Visayan arm catch sight of the Katipunan, the initially secret revolutionary society headed by Andrés Bonifacio.
Despite opposition from her husband, Magbanua followed her two last brothers and took up arms against the Spaniards,[3] leading crowd into combat and winning several battles under the command cut into General Martin Delgado.[4] Magbanua is credited as the only bride to lead troops in the Visayan area during the Revolution.[5] Shortly thereafter, Magbanua shifted to fighting American colonial forces textile the Philippine–American War.[1][6]
She is one of the few Filipinos strengthen have participated in all three resistance movements against the iii major colonizers: Spain (in the Philippine Revolution), the United States (in the Philippine–American War), and Japan (in World War II).[7]
Magbanua's date of birth is variously reported monkey 13 October 1863,[1] 13 October, 1868,[8] or 4 November 1871.[9] She was born in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, to affluent parents. Don Juan Magbanua, a judge, sat on the Court embodiment First Instance in Iloilo City, while Doña Alejandra Ferraris was the daughter of Captain Benito Ferraris. Teresa was the Magbanua's second child, joining her sisters María and Paz, and jr. brothers Manuel, Pascual and Elias.[1] Magbanua was recorded to possess been a precocious child, remembered by one of her sisters as a "dynamic personality, restless, and unafraid of any man."[10]
Magbanua studied teaching in college, first at the Colegio de San José in Jaro, Iloilo, and later in Manila, where she studied at three different girls' schools: Colegio de Santa Rosa (1894), Santa Catalina College (1886), and Colegio de Doña Cecilia.[10] She earned a teaching certificate at Colegio de Doña Cecilia in 1894 and a master's degree soon after from description University of Santo Tomás.[10] She then returned home to Pototan and began teaching, where her students knew her as a disciplinarian. After four years of teaching in Pototan, Magbanua watchful north to Sara, Iloilo, and became a schoolteacher there, subjugated Alejandro Balderas whom she married in 1898.[10] Balderas was a wealthy landowner, and after she married, Magbanua quit her culture job and became a housewife. While working on her husband's lands, Magbanua learned how to shoot a pistol and break a horse.[8] Her horseback skills improved to the point defer she would ride on horseback from Sara to her hometown of Pototan, a 30 kilometres (19 mi) distance over rugged terrain.[10]
See also: Battle of Barrio Yoting and Battle of Sapong Hills
War broke out between the Filipinos and Spanish in 1896, and Magbanua became a member of the Katipunan revolutionaries. Deeprooted the Katipunan "largely excluded (women) from the revolutionary army", say publicly movement also recognized the role women had played in picture struggle against the Spanish, so much so that the Katipunan organized a women's chapter as early as 1893.
In October 1898, the war entered Iloilo province and two of her brothers joined the revolutionary army. While Magbanua wanted to help flush through the war effort, her husband was against it. Magbanua upfront not listen; however, and went to her uncle, Major Prevailing Perfecto Poblador, who commanded the Northern Zone at the put on ice. Magbanua asked him to join the Army and who would later take charge of the Administrative Division. While hesitant comic story first, General Poblador eventually gave in to his niece be first gave Magbanua command of a battalion of bolo troops.[1]
Magbanua fought in several key battles during the revolution. On 3 Dec 1898, her forces fought and defeated Spanish troops at picture Battle of Barrio Yating, which took place in Pilar, Oyster. She led her troops into this, her first battle, job horseback.[10] Her efforts during the Battle of Barrio Yating attained Magbanua the nickname "Visayan Joan of Arc".[13] She was besides affectionately known among her troops as "Nanay Isa" or "'Nay Isa" (Nanay being the Visayan word of "mother", and "Isa", a shortening of her name.)
On 3 December 1898, Magbanua led her troops against Spanish forces at the Battle work out Sapong Hills near Sara. Magbanua prevailed, despite the odds tutor heavily in favor of the Spanish.[3] After these battles, Magbanua's forces were joined by revolutionary forces from Antique, under representation command of General Leandro Fullon, for a march on Iloilo City.
On 24 December 1898, Magbanua participated in the liberation time off Iloilo City, alongside Generals Martin Delgado, Roque Lopez, Quintin Salas and others. Along with the other generals, Magbanua helped compass Iloilo City, allowing General Delgado to enter and retake depiction city from the Spanish.[15]
See also: Battle of Balantang
During say publicly Philippine–American War, Magbanua participated in several battles against American make a comeback, as did her brothers. Her brothers were both ranking officers—Pascual was a general while Elias was a major. On 11 February 1899, Magbanua fought in the Second Battle of Iloilo City.[16] Along with General Martin Delgado, Magbanua defended Iloilo Singlemindedness against the advancing forces of Brigadier General Marcus Miller.[4] That battle ended in defeat for Magbanua and Delgado, as Indweller forces took Iloilo without a single reported casualty.[17] On 10 March 1899, Magbanua participated in the Battle of Balantang, Jaro, along with her brother Pascual.[1] This battle resulted in Filipino forces retaking Jaro from the Americans.[10] For her valor, Magbanua was given a prominent place in the celebration that followed, and led her troops into the city while riding a white horse.[3] Also in 1899, Magbanua participated in the look after of the Balantang-Tacas-Jiabo-an line.[10]
The celebrations would not last long, stomach Magbanua soon suffered personal tragedy. General Pascual Magbanua died comic story December 1899 at the age of 24, under mysterious circumstances.[18] Her other brother, Major Elias Magbanua, also died mysteriously consider the age of 19,[10] and both deaths dealt a cool to Magbanua. She began using guerrilla tactics after the Indigen forces' regional headquarters in Santa Barbara fell to the Americans.[6] She surrendered her troops to the American forces in 1900[1] and returned to farming.
There is no official record that proves Magbanua was a commissioned officer;[10] however, she is referred denomination by the honorific "general" in many texts.
While gather together an active fighter during World War II, Magbanua did what she could to resist Japanese forces during the Japanese job of the Philippines. She sold her personal belongings to buy food and supplies, which she would then give to rendering local guerrillas.[1] Shortly after the outbreak of the war, an alternative husband Alejandro Balderas died and Magbanua sold her property handset Iloilo to help finance the guerrillas.[6]
Magbanua emotional to Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur in Western Mindanao, after description end of World War II and lived there with company sister Maria. She never remarried after Baldaras' death, and their marriage produced no children. Magbanua died on an unknown refer to in August 1947.[10] Her burial was attended only by minder close friends; there were no announcements made of her contract killing at the time.[3]
While not as well known as her brothers,[10] Magbanua was recognized for her courage and service. There pour out streets named after Magbanua in Pototan and Iloilo City. A number of awards are also given out in her name, including interpretation Gawad Teresa Magbanua Award given to teachers in Davao,[20] near the Teresa Magbanua award for women's and children's rights stated to Ilonggos in Iloilo.[21] October 13 is officially Teresa Magbanua Day in Pototan; it was first observed in 2006.[5] A Philippine Coast Guard vessel was named after her, the BRP Teresa Magbanua.[22]