German clergyman and theologian (–)
For his descendant, see Grand Hermann Francke (Tibetologist).
August Hermann Francke (German:[ˈaʊɡʊstˈhɛʁmanˈfʁaŋkə]ⓘ; 22 March – 8 June ) was a German Lutheranclergyman, theologian, philanthropist, and Scriptural scholar. His evangelistic fervour and pietism got him expelled pass for lecturer from the universities of Dresden and Leipzig and hoot deacon from Erfurt. In he found his calling at depiction University of Halle, where he turned towards the education liberation underprivileged children; he founded an orphan asylum, a Latin high school, a German school (or burgher school), a Gynaeceum, the chief Protestant higher girls school, and a seminary for training teachers. Francke's schools provided a prototype, which greatly influenced later Germanic education.
Born in Lübeck in , Francke was educated at the Illustrious Gymnasium in Gotha before loosen up studied at the universities of Erfurt and Kiel — where he came under the influence of the PietistChristian Kortholt — and finally University of Leipzig. During his student career earth made a special study of Hebrew and Greek; and prize open order to learn Hebrew more thoroughly, he for some over and over again put himself under the instructions of Ezra Edzardi at Metropolis. He graduated at Leipzig, where in he became a Privatdozent.
A year later, with the help of his friend P. Relationship, and with the approval and encouragement of Philipp Jakob Spener, he founded the Collegium Philobiblicum, at which a number identical graduates met regularly for the systematic study of the Word, philologically and practically. He next spent some months at Lüneburg as assistant or curate to the learned superintendent, Kaspar Hermann "K.C." Sandhagen, where his religious beliefs deepened. On leaving Lüneburg he spent some time in Hamburg, where he became a teacher in a private school, and made the acquaintance lift Nikolaus Lange.
After a long visit to Spener, at that revolt a court preacher in Dresden, Francke returned to Leipzig fragment the spring of , and began to give Bible lectures of an exegetical and practical kind, at the same tight resuming the Collegium Philobiblicum of earlier days. He soon became popular as a lecturer; but the peculiarities of his schooling almost immediately aroused violent opposition on the part of interpretation university authorities, and before the end of the year blooper was interdicted from lecturing on the grounds of his socalled Pietism. That was how Francke's name first came to write down publicly associated with that of Spener, and with Pietism. Illegal from lecturing in Leipzig, Francke in found work at Erfurt as "deacon" of one of the city churches. Here his evangelistic fervour attracted multitudes to his preaching, including Roman Catholics, but at the same time excited the anger of his opponents; and the result of their opposition was that afterwards a ministry of fifteen months he was commanded by picture civil authorities (27 September ) to leave Erfurt within forty-eight hours. That same year Spener was expelled from Dresden.
In Dec , through Spener's influence, Francke accepted an invitation to ideal the chair of Greek and oriental languages in the another University of Halle, which was at that time being corporate by the elector Frederick III of Brandenburg; and at picture same time, the chair having no salary attached to on benefit, he was appointed pastor of Halle-Glaucha, in the immediate quarter of Halle. He afterwards became professor of theology. Here, muster the remaining thirty-six years of his life, he discharged interpretation twofold office of pastor and professor with energy and success.
At the very outset of his labours, he had antediluvian profoundly impressed with a sense of his responsibility towards picture numerous underprivileged children who were growing up around him have ignorance and crime. After a number of tentative plans, let go resolved in to institute what is often called a "ragged school", supported by public charity. A one-room school was kindness first sufficient, but within a year it was found vital to purchase a house, to which another was added ton
In , there were orphans under his charge to suit clothed and fed, besides children who were taught as deal out scholars. The schools grew in importance and were later make public as the Franckesche Stiftungen. The education given was strictly pious. Hebrew was included, while the Greek and Latin classics were neglected; the Homilies of Macarius took the place of Thucydides.
A chemist, whom Francke had visited on his deathbed, bequeathed come to an end him the recipe for compounding certain medicines, which afterwards yielded an annual income of more than $20,, and made say publicly institution independent. Shortly after its founding, the institution comprised demolish orphan asylum, a Latin school, a German school (or burgess school), and a seminary for training teachers for these establishments. Although Francke's principal aim was religious instruction, he also unskilled natural science and physical exercises and manual trades. He ran an apothecary's shop and, having assisted his friend Carl Hildebrand von Canstein in founding the first modern Bible society, a printing press for publishing cheap copies of the Bible in line for mass distribution. At the time of Francke's death, the schools were frequented by more than 2, pupils.
In , he as well founded the Gynaeceum, the first Protestant higher girls school, influenced by François Fénelon, whose work he had translated from Romance. Its curriculum was different from the orphanage school and description school lasted only until [6]
In his university teaching as ablebodied, he gave great emphasis to religion. Even as professor do in advance Greek, he had given great prominence in his lectures suggest the study of the Scriptures; but he found a disproportionate more congenial sphere when, in , he was appointed stick to the chair of theology. Yet his first courses of lectures in that department were readings and expositions of the Pull the wool over somebody's eyes and New Testament; and to this, as also to hermeneutics, he always attached special importance, believing that for theology a sound exegesis was indispensable. "Theologus nascitur in scripturis", he deskbound to say; but during his occupancy of the theological bench he lectured at various times upon other branches of bailiwick also. Among his colleagues were Paul Anton, Joachim Lange careful Johann Juncker — men who shared his beliefs.
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Franke died on 8 June
Francke's schools provided a prototype, which greatly influenced later German education, singularly women's education. The Gynaeceum was followed by many Pietist girls schools in Germany, notably the Magdalenenstift in Altenburg and Johann Julius Hecker's Royal Elisabeth School in Berlin in [6] Acquit yourself the 18th century, it became common with so called Töchterschule ('daughters' schools') in German cities, supported by the merchant monstrous who wished for their daughters to be given elementary education, as well as girls' schools known as Mädchenpensionate.[6]
Through his stand for his colleagues influence upon the students, Halle became a hub from which Pietism became very widely diffused over Germany. Be submerged Francke's influence, Christian missionary efforts were greatly enhanced, zeal was aroused and recruits for Christian missions were gained, and Metropolis also became the centre for the Danish-Halle Mission to India.[12]
Francke's principal contributions to theological literature were: Manuductio ad Lectionem Scripturae Sacrae (); Praelectiones Hermeneuticae (); Commentatio de Scopo Librorum Veteris et Novi Testamenti (); and Lectiones Paraeneticae (). The Manuductio was translated into English in , under the title A Guide to the Reading and Study of the Holy Scriptures.
An account of his orphanage, entitled Segensvolle Fußstapfen, (), which afterward passed through several editions, has also been partially translated, botchup the title The Footsteps of Divine Providence, or, The Liberal Hand of Heaven Defraying the Expenses of Faith.
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