Venkataraman ramakrishnan biography samples

British-American structural biologist (born 1952)

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is a British-American structural biologist. He shared the 2009 Nobel Prize send Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath for exploration on the structure and function of ribosomes.^{[6][9][10][11]}

Since 1999, he has worked as a group leader at the Medical Research Assembly (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK and is a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} He served as President of the Royal Society from 2015 to 2020.^[17]

Education and early life

Ramakrishnan was born in 1952 reliably Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India.

His parents, Prof. C. V. Ramakrishnan and Prof. Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan were both scientists,^[18][19] and his father was head of the department be a witness biochemistry at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.^[1][20] At say publicly time of his birth, Ramakrishnan's father was away from Bharat doing postdoctoral research with David E. Green at the College of Wisconsin–Madison in the US.^[1] Ramakrishnan's mother obtained a PhD in psychology from McGill University in 1959,^[21] completing it careful only 18 months, and was mentored, among others, by Donald O. Hebb.^[1]

Ramakrishnan has one sibling, his younger sister Lalita Ramakrishnan, who is professor of immunology and infectious diseases at rendering department of medicine, University of Cambridge,^[22] and a member pay money for the National Academy of Sciences.^[23]

Ramakrishnan moved to Vadodara (previously too known as Baroda) in Gujarat at the age of iii, where he had his entire schooling at the Convent disagree with Jesus and Mary, except for a year and a bisection (1960–61) which he and his family spent in Adelaide, Land. Following his pre-science at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, he did his undergraduate studies in the same university cap a National Science Talent Scholarship, graduating with a Bachelor style Science degree in physics in 1971.^[10] At the time, rendering physics course at Baroda was new, and based in branch out on the Berkeley Physics Course and The Feynman Lectures might Physics.^[1]

Immediately after graduation he moved to the US, where smartness obtained his Doctor of Philosophy degree in physics from River University in 1976 for research into the ferroelectricphase transition do paperwork potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)^[24] supervised by Tomoyasu Tanaka.^[3][25][26] Then type spent two years studying biology as a graduate student unresponsive the University of California, San Diego while making a transmutation from theoretical physics to biology.^[27]

Career and research

Ramakrishnan began work best ribosomes as a postdoctoral fellow with Peter Moore at Altruist University.^[10] After his postdoctoral fellowship, he initially could not exhume a faculty position even though he had applied to tackle 50 universities in the United States.^[28][29]

He continued to work deduction ribosomes from 1983 to 1995 as a staff scientist dilemma Brookhaven National Laboratory.^[4]

In 1995, he moved to the University firm Utah as a professor of biochemistry, and in 1999, powder moved to his current position at the Medical Research Convention Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England, where he challenging also been a sabbatical visitor during 1991–92 on a Altruist Fellowship.^{[citation needed]}

In 1999, Ramakrishnan's laboratory published a 5.5 angstrom massage structure of the 30S subunit. The following year, his lab determined the complete molecular structure of the 30S subunit grapple the ribosome and its complexes with several antibiotics. This was followed by studies that provided structural insights into the machinery that ensures the fidelity of protein biosynthesis. In 2007, his laboratory determined the atomic structure of the whole ribosome tight complex with its tRNA and mRNA ligands. Since 2013, settle down has used Cryogenic electron microscopy to work primarily on organism and mitochondrial translation.^[30][31] Ramakrishnan is also known for his root for work on histone and chromatin structure.

As of 2019^[update] his most cited papers (according to Google Scholar^[32]) have been promulgated in Nature,^[33][34][35]Science,^[36][37] and Cell.^[38][39][40]

Ramakrishnan's term as president of the Imperial Society from 2015-2020 was dominated by Brexit and, in his final year, the COVID-19 pandemic and its response.^[41] In block up interview in July 2018, he said that Britain's decision disturb leave the European Union was hurting Britain's reputation as a good place to work in science, commenting "It's very rockhard for the science community to see any advantages in Brexit. They are pretty blunt about that." He saw advantages harmony both the UK and the EU for Britain to persevere with to be engaged in Galileo and Euratom, which, unlike description European Medicines Agency, are not EU agencies.^[42]

Ramakrishnan argued that a no-deal Brexit would harm science. Ramakrishnan wrote, "A deal keenness science is in the best interests of Europe as a whole and should not be sacrificed as collateral damage tend disagreements on other issues. If we are going to successfully tackle global problems like climate change, human disease and tear security, we can't do so in isolation. There is no scenario where trashing our relationships with our closest scientific collaborators in the EU gets us closer to these goals."^[43]

Awards person in charge honours

Ramakrishnan was elected a Member of the European Molecular Bioscience Organization in 2002,^[44] a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2003,^[45] and a Member of the U.S. National Establishment of Sciences in 2004.

In 2007, Ramakrishnan was awarded picture Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine^[7] and the Datta Lectureship and Accolade of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS).

Ramakrishnan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009, along come to mind Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath.^[46] He received India's in a tick highest civilian honor, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2010.^[47]

In 2008, Ramakrishnan won the Heatley Medal of the British Biochemical Society, mushroom became a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge and a tramontane Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy. He has back number a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and^[48] an Honorary Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (Hon FMedSci) since 2010.

He has received honorary degrees from description Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, University of Utah, Ohio Further education college and University of Cambridge. He is also an Honorary Gentleman of Trinity College, Cambridge,^[49]Somerville College, Oxford,^[50] and The Queen's College, Oxford.^[51]

Ramakrishnan was knighted in the 2012 New Year Honours funding services to molecular biology,^[5] but does not generally use representation title "Sir". That same year, he was awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal by the FEBS. In 2014, he was awarded the XLVI Jiménez-Díaz Prize by the Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spain).

In 2017, Ramakrishnan received the Golden Plate Award call upon the American Academy of Achievement.^[52]

Ramakrishnan was included as one wages 25 Greatest Global Living Indians by NDTV Channel, India turning 14 December 2013.

His certificate of election to the Converse Society reads:

Ramakrishnan is internationally recognised for determination of depiction atomic structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Earlier he mapped the arrangement of proteins in the 30S subunit by neutron diffraction and solved X-ray structures of individual components and their RNA complexes. Fundamental insights came from his crystallographic studies freedom the complete 30S subunit. The atomic model included over 1500 bases of RNA and 20 associated proteins. The RNA interactions representing the P-sitetRNA and the mRNA binding site were identified and the likely modes of action of many clinically manager antibiotics determined. His most recent work goes to the examine of the decoding mechanism showing the 30S subunit complexed right poly-U mRNA and the stem-loop of the cognate phenylalanine tRNA. Anti-codon recognition leaves the "wobble" base free to accommodate determine non-Watson/Crick basepairs, thus providing an atomic description of both codon:anti-codon recognition and "wobble". He has also made substantial contributions abrupt understanding how chromatin is organised, particularly the structure of linker histones and their role in higher order folding.^[53]

In 2020, loosen up was elected to the American Philosophical Society^[54] and became a board member of the British Library.^[55]

Ramakrishnan was made a Adherent of the Order of Merit (OM) in 2022.^[8]

Personal life

In 1975, Ramakrishnan married Vera Rosenberry, an author and illustrator of for kids books.^[1] He has a step-daughter, Tanya Kapka, a physician specializing in public health and health-care delivery to under-served communities; delighted a son, Raman Ramakrishnan, a cellist specializing in chamber penalization and professor at Bard College in New York State.^[56]

Selected publications

• Why We Die: And How We Live: The New Science give an account of Ageing and Longevity (2024)^[57]

• Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher representation Secrets of the Ribosome(2018)^[58]

References

External links